<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>AK&#256L&#298 SAH&#256YAK BUREAU</TITLE>਍㰀猀琀礀氀攀 琀礀瀀攀㴀∀琀攀砀琀⼀挀猀猀∀㸀ഀഀ
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<p class="C1">&#65279AK&#256L&#298 SAH&#256YAK BUREAU, lit. a bureau to help (<i>sah&#257yak</i>, from Skt. <i>sah&#257ya</i>, one who lends one company or support) the Ak&#257l&#299s, then engaged in a bitter struggle for the reformation of the management of their places of worship, was a small office set up at Amritsar in 1923 by the Indian National Congress to assist the Ak&#257l&#299s with their public relations work. This Ak&#257l&#299 struggle, aiming at ousting the priestly order who had come into control of Sikh shrines introducing therein conservative rituals and forms of worship rejected in Sikhism, came into conflict with the British authority who buttressed the entrenched clergy, and ran a course parallel to the Congress movement for the nation's freedom. The Ak&#257l&#299s' heroic deeds of sacrifice and disciplined suffering won them appreciation of Congress hierarchy as well as of the people in common. When under pressure mounted by the Ak&#257l&#299s, the British district magistrate of Amritsar was forced to return to the Golden Temple authorities keys of the <i>tosh&#257<u>kh</u>&#257n&#257</i>, the Temple treasury, seized from them, the Congress applauded the incident as a victory for the nationalist cause. Mah&#257tm&#257 G&#257ndh&#299 in fact sent a wire to Sard&#257r Kha&#7771ak Si&#7749gh, president of the Shiroma&#7751&#299 Gurdw&#257r&#257 Parbandhak Committee which read as follows : "First decisive battle for India's freedom won congratulations - M. K. Gandhi. "</p>਍㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀吀栀攀 眀栀漀氀攀猀愀氀攀 洀愀猀猀愀挀爀攀 漀昀 䄀欀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀氀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀 爀攀昀漀爀洀椀猀琀猀 ⠀㈀　 䘀攀戀爀甀愀爀礀 ㄀㤀㈀㄀⤀ 愀琀 一愀渀欀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀☀⌀㜀㜀㔀㄀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 匀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀栀椀戀Ⰰ 戀椀爀琀栀瀀氀愀挀攀 漀昀 䜀甀爀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀ 一☀⌀㈀㔀㜀渀愀欀Ⰰ 猀栀漀漀欀 琀栀攀 攀渀琀椀爀攀 渀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 䌀漀渀最爀攀猀猀 氀攀愀搀攀爀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 䴀愀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀琀洀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 䜀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀渀搀栀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀Ⰰ 匀栀愀甀欀愀琀 ✀䄀氀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀 愀渀搀 䴀甀栀愀洀洀愀搀 ✀䄀氀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀 琀爀愀瘀攀氀氀攀搀 琀漀 一愀渀欀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀☀⌀㜀㜀㔀㄀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 匀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀栀椀戀 琀漀 瀀愀礀 栀漀洀愀最攀 琀漀 琀栀攀 洀愀爀琀礀爀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 瀀愀琀椀攀渀琀 猀甀昀昀攀爀椀渀最 漀昀 䄀欀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀氀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀 瘀漀氀甀渀琀攀攀爀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 䜀甀爀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀ 欀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 䈀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀㰀甀㸀最栀㰀⼀甀㸀 挀愀洀瀀愀椀最渀 ⠀㄀㤀㈀㈀⤀ 眀栀攀渀 琀栀攀礀 昀愀挀攀搀 瀀漀氀椀挀攀 戀爀甀琀愀氀椀琀椀攀猀 挀愀氀洀氀礀 愀渀搀 猀琀漀椀挀愀氀氀礀 眀漀渀 琀栀攀洀 挀漀甀渀琀爀礀眀椀搀攀 猀礀洀瀀愀琀栀礀 愀渀搀 愀搀洀椀爀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 䈀爀椀琀椀猀栀 猀挀栀漀氀愀爀 愀渀搀 洀椀猀猀椀漀渀愀爀礀Ⰰ 䌀⸀ 䘀⸀ 䄀渀搀爀攀眀猀Ⰰ 眀爀漀琀攀 愀 瘀攀爀礀 琀漀甀挀栀椀渀最 愀挀挀漀甀渀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 琀爀椀愀氀 琀栀攀 䄀欀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀氀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀猀 眀攀渀琀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 搀愀礀 愀昀琀攀爀 搀愀礀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ
<p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;At a special meeting held on 17 September 1922, the Working Committee of the Indian National Congress adopted a resolution condemning the police highhandedness. It also appointed a sub-committee to conduct enquiry into the Gur&#363 k&#257 B&#257<u>gh</u> affair. When the Shiroma&#7751&#299 Gurdw&#257r&#257 Parbandhak Committee and the Shiroma&#7751&#299 Ak&#257l&#299 Dal which were directing and guiding the Ak&#257l&#299 campaigns (<i>morch&#257s</i>) were banned by the British government in India, the Indian National Congress at a meeting in December 1923 declared the outlawing of the Shiroma&#7751&#299 Gurdw&#257r&#257 Parbandhak Committee and the Shiroma&#7751&#299 Ak&#257l&#299 Dal as "a direct challenge to the right of the free association of all Indians and a blow aimed at all movements for freedom. "</p>਍㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀吀栀攀 䄀欀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀氀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀 愀渀搀 䌀漀渀最爀攀猀猀 洀漀瘀攀洀攀渀琀猀 栀愀搀 琀栀甀猀 戀攀挀漀洀攀 椀渀琀攀爀瘀漀氀瘀攀搀 愀渀搀 戀漀琀栀 猀攀爀瘀攀搀 琀漀 昀攀攀搀 琀栀攀 渀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀椀猀琀 猀攀渀琀椀洀攀渀琀 椀渀 琀栀攀 挀漀甀渀琀爀礀⸀ 吀栀攀 䄀欀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀氀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀 匀愀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀礀愀欀 䈀甀爀攀愀甀 眀愀猀 搀攀猀椀最渀攀搀 琀漀 猀攀爀瘀攀 愀猀 愀 瘀攀栀椀挀氀攀 昀漀爀 瀀甀戀氀椀挀椀稀椀渀最 䄀欀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀氀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀 愀挀琀椀瘀椀琀礀 愀渀搀 琀漀 猀攀爀瘀攀 愀猀 愀 氀椀渀欀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 琀栀攀 䌀漀渀最爀攀猀猀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 䄀欀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀氀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀猀⸀ 䄀⸀ 吀⸀ 䜀椀☀⌀㜀㘀㤀㌀眀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀渀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀Ⰰ 倀爀椀渀挀椀瀀愀氀 漀昀 䜀甀樀愀爀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀琀 嘀椀搀礀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀瀀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀☀⌀㜀㜀㠀㤀栀Ⰰ 眀愀猀 瀀氀愀挀攀搀 椀渀 挀栀愀爀最攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䈀甀爀攀愀甀⸀ 䄀昀琀攀爀 䜀椀☀⌀㜀㘀㤀㌀眀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀渀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀✀猀 愀爀爀攀猀琀 戀礀 琀栀攀 䈀爀椀琀椀猀栀Ⰰ 䴀爀⸀ 匀栀甀欀氀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 漀昀 琀栀攀 唀渀椀琀攀搀 倀爀漀瘀椀渀挀攀猀 琀漀漀欀 漀瘀攀爀 挀栀愀爀最攀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 栀攀 眀愀猀 猀漀漀渀 爀攀瀀氀愀挀攀搀 戀礀 䬀⸀ 䴀⸀ 倀愀渀椀欀欀愀爀 眀栀漀 栀愀搀 爀攀琀甀爀渀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 伀砀昀漀爀搀 眀椀琀栀 愀 昀椀爀猀琀 挀氀愀猀猀 搀攀最爀攀攀 椀渀 栀椀猀琀漀爀礀ⴀ琀栀攀 昀椀爀猀琀 䤀渀搀椀愀渀 攀瘀攀爀 琀漀 愀挀栀椀攀瘀攀 琀栀攀 搀椀猀琀椀渀挀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 眀栀漀 栀愀搀 氀攀昀琀 栀椀猀 愀挀愀搀攀洀椀挀 瀀漀猀椀琀椀漀渀 愀猀 栀攀愀搀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䐀攀瀀愀爀琀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 䠀椀猀琀漀爀礀 愀琀 䄀氀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀最愀☀⌀㜀㜀㜀㄀栀 䴀甀猀氀椀洀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 琀漀 琀愀欀攀 琀漀 瀀漀氀椀琀椀挀猀 愀渀搀 樀漀甀爀渀愀氀椀猀洀⸀ 倀愀渀椀欀欀愀爀 眀愀猀 昀漀爀 琀栀椀猀 瀀漀猀椀琀椀漀渀 琀栀攀 瀀攀爀猀漀渀愀氀 挀栀漀椀挀攀 漀昀 䴀愀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀琀洀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 䜀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀渀搀栀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀 眀栀漀Ⰰ 琀栀漀甀最栀 椀洀瀀爀攀猀猀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀攀 猀甀挀挀攀猀猀攀猀 䄀欀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀氀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀猀 愀挀栀椀攀瘀攀搀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 琀栀攀椀爀 愀搀栀攀爀攀渀挀攀 琀漀 瀀愀猀猀椀瘀攀 爀攀猀椀猀琀愀渀挀攀Ⰰ 眀愀猀 渀漀琀 挀氀攀愀爀 愀戀漀甀琀 琀栀攀椀爀 甀氀琀椀洀愀琀攀 漀戀樀攀挀琀椀瘀攀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 眀愀猀 攀猀瀀攀挀椀愀氀氀礀 猀漀 椀渀 琀栀攀 挀愀猀攀 漀昀 䨀愀椀琀漀 䴀漀爀挀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀⸀ 倀愀渀椀欀欀愀爀 猀攀渀琀 爀攀瀀漀爀琀猀 眀栀椀挀栀 漀渀氀礀 搀攀攀瀀攀渀攀搀 䴀愀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀琀洀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 䜀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀渀搀栀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀✀猀 猀攀渀猀攀 漀昀 愀洀戀椀瘀愀氀攀渀挀攀⸀ 倀愀渀椀欀欀愀爀 眀愀爀渀攀搀 䜀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀渀搀栀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀 愀戀漀甀琀 琀栀攀 漀爀最愀渀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 䄀欀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀氀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀 㰀椀㸀樀愀琀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀猀㰀⼀椀㸀 眀栀椀挀栀 爀漀愀洀攀搀 琀栀攀 挀漀甀渀琀爀礀猀椀搀攀 愀猀 愀 猀琀爀漀渀最 昀漀爀挀攀 愀渀搀 眀栀椀挀栀 昀漀爀 倀愀渀椀欀欀愀爀 眀攀爀攀 爀攀洀椀渀椀猀挀攀渀琀 漀昀 匀椀欀栀 㰀椀㸀樀愀琀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀猀㰀⼀椀㸀 漀爀 戀愀渀搀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀攀挀漀渀搀 栀愀氀昀 漀昀 琀栀攀 攀椀最栀琀攀攀渀琀栀 挀攀渀琀甀爀礀 愀渀搀 眀栀椀挀栀 眀攀爀攀Ⰰ 愀挀挀漀爀搀椀渀最 琀漀 栀椀洀Ⰰ 琀愀洀攀搀 戀礀 䴀愀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀樀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 刀愀☀⌀㜀㜀㔀㄀樀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀琀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀Ⰰ 漀渀氀礀 琀漀 爀攀攀洀攀爀最攀 愀昀琀攀爀 栀椀猀 搀攀愀琀栀⸀ 䠀攀 猀琀爀攀猀猀攀搀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀猀攀 㰀椀㸀樀愀琀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀猀㰀⼀椀㸀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀椀爀 洀椀氀椀琀愀爀礀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀 愀渀搀 搀椀猀挀椀瀀氀椀渀攀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀椀爀 猀瀀椀爀椀琀 漀昀 洀椀氀椀琀愀渀挀礀 挀漀渀猀琀椀琀甀琀攀搀 愀 洀攀渀愀挀攀 琀漀 漀琀栀攀爀 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀琀椀攀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 倀甀渀樀愀戀⸀ 䠀愀瘀椀渀最 猀攀爀瘀攀搀 昀漀爀 愀 眀栀椀氀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀 匀椀欀栀 猀琀愀琀攀 漀昀 倀愀☀⌀㜀㜀㠀㤀椀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀氀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 愀渀搀 攀搀椀琀攀搀 匀椀欀栀猀✀ 䔀渀最氀椀猀栀 渀攀眀猀瀀愀瀀攀爀Ⰰ 㰀椀㸀吀栀攀 䠀椀渀搀甀猀琀愀渀 吀椀洀攀猀㰀⼀椀㸀Ⰰ 栀攀 眀愀猀 昀愀椀爀氀礀 眀攀氀氀 愀挀焀甀愀椀渀琀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 匀椀欀栀猀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ
<p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;After the Sikh Gurdwaras Act was placed on the statute book in 1925, the Ak&#257l&#299 agitation ceased. And so the Ak&#257l&#299 Sah&#257yak Bureau became redundant.</p>਍㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀഀ
<p class="BIB">਍䈀䤀䈀䰀䤀伀䜀刀䄀倀䠀夀㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀㰀漀氀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀㰀氀椀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀 䨀漀猀栀Ⰰ 匀漀栀愀渀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀Ⰰ 㰀椀㸀䄀欀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀氀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀 䴀漀爀挀栀椀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀 搀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 䤀琀椀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀猀㰀⼀椀㸀⸀ 䐀攀氀栀椀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㜀㈀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀഀ
<li class="C1"> Prat&#257p Si&#7749gh, Gi&#257n&#299, <i>Gurdw&#257r&#257 Sudh&#257r arth&#257t Ak&#257l&#299 Lahir</i>. Amritsar, 1975<BR>਍㰀氀椀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀 䴀漀栀椀渀搀攀爀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀Ⰰ 㰀椀㸀吀栀攀 䄀欀愀氀椀 䴀漀瘀攀洀攀渀琀㰀⼀椀㸀⸀ 䐀攀氀栀椀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㜀㠀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀഀ
<li class="C1"> Amrik Si&#7749gh, ed. , <i>Punjab in Indian Politics</i>. Delhi, 1985<BR>਍㰀氀椀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀 䬀愀瀀甀爀Ⰰ 刀愀樀椀瘀 䄀⸀ Ⰰ 㰀椀㸀匀椀欀栀 匀攀瀀愀爀愀琀椀猀洀㨀 吀栀攀 倀漀氀椀琀椀挀猀 漀昀 䘀愀椀琀栀㰀⼀椀㸀⸀ 䰀漀渀搀漀渀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㠀㘀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀഀ
<li class="C1"> Panikkar, K. M. , <i>An Autobiography</i>. Oxford (Delhi), 1979<BR>਍㰀⼀漀氀㸀㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀伀一吀∀㸀䴀愀樀漀爀 䜀甀爀洀甀欀栀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀 ⠀刀攀琀搀⸀⤀㰀戀爀㸀㰀⼀瀀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀഀ
</font>਍㰀椀洀最 猀爀挀㴀∀挀漀甀渀琀攀爀⸀愀猀瀀砀∀ 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀瀀砀∀ 栀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㄀瀀砀∀ 愀氀琀㴀∀∀㸀ഀഀ
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